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package File::Spec; use strict; our $VERSION = '3.74'; $VERSION =~ tr/_//d; my %module = ( MSWin32 => 'Win32', os2 => 'OS2', VMS => 'VMS', NetWare => 'Win32', # Yes, File::Spec::Win32 works on NetWare. symbian => 'Win32', # Yes, File::Spec::Win32 works on symbian. dos => 'OS2', # Yes, File::Spec::OS2 works on DJGPP. cygwin => 'Cygwin', amigaos => 'AmigaOS'); my $module = $module{$^O} || 'Unix'; require "File/Spec/$module.pm"; our @ISA = ("File::Spec::$module"); 1; __END__ =head1 NAME File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names =head1 SYNOPSIS use File::Spec; $x=File::Spec->catfile('a', 'b', 'c'); which returns 'a/b/c' under Unix. Or: use File::Spec::Functions; $x = catfile('a', 'b', 'c'); =head1 DESCRIPTION This module is designed to support operations commonly performed on file specifications (usually called "file names", but not to be confused with the contents of a file, or Perl's file handles), such as concatenating several directory and file names into a single path, or determining whether a path is rooted. It is based on code directly taken from MakeMaker 5.17, code written by Andreas KE<ouml>nig, Andy Dougherty, Charles Bailey, Ilya Zakharevich, Paul Schinder, and others. Since these functions are different for most operating systems, each set of OS specific routines is available in a separate module, including: File::Spec::Unix File::Spec::Mac File::Spec::OS2 File::Spec::Win32 File::Spec::VMS The module appropriate for the current OS is automatically loaded by File::Spec. Since some modules (like VMS) make use of facilities available only under that OS, it may not be possible to load all modules under all operating systems. Since File::Spec is object oriented, subroutines should not be called directly, as in: File::Spec::catfile('a','b'); but rather as class methods: File::Spec->catfile('a','b'); For simple uses, L<File::Spec::Functions> provides convenient functional forms of these methods. =head1 METHODS =over 2 =item canonpath X<canonpath> No physical check on the filesystem, but a logical cleanup of a path. $cpath = File::Spec->canonpath( $path ) ; Note that this does *not* collapse F<x/../y> sections into F<y>. This is by design. If F</foo> on your system is a symlink to F</bar/baz>, then F</foo/../quux> is actually F</bar/quux>, not F</quux> as a naive F<../>-removal would give you. If you want to do this kind of processing, you probably want C<Cwd>'s C<realpath()> function to actually traverse the filesystem cleaning up paths like this. =item catdir X<catdir> Concatenate two or more directory names to form a complete path ending with a directory. But remove the trailing slash from the resulting string, because it doesn't look good, isn't necessary and confuses OS/2. Of course, if this is the root directory, don't cut off the trailing slash :-) $path = File::Spec->catdir( @directories ); =item catfile X<catfile> Concatenate one or more directory names and a filename to form a complete path ending with a filename $path = File::Spec->catfile( @directories, $filename ); =item curdir X<curdir> Returns a string representation of the current directory. $curdir = File::Spec->curdir(); =item devnull X<devnull> Returns a string representation of the null device. $devnull = File::Spec->devnull(); =item rootdir X<rootdir> Returns a string representation of the root directory. $rootdir = File::Spec->rootdir(); =item tmpdir X<tmpdir> Returns a string representation of the first writable directory from a list of possible temporary directories. Returns the current directory if no writable temporary directories are found. The list of directories checked depends on the platform; e.g. File::Spec::Unix checks C<$ENV{TMPDIR}> (unless taint is on) and F</tmp>. $tmpdir = File::Spec->tmpdir(); =item updir X<updir> Returns a string representation of the parent directory. $updir = File::Spec->updir(); =item no_upwards Given a list of files in a directory (such as from C<readdir()>), strip out C<'.'> and C<'..'>. B<SECURITY NOTE:> This does NOT filter paths containing C<'..'>, like C<'../../../../etc/passwd'>, only literal matches to C<'.'> and C<'..'>. @paths = File::Spec->no_upwards( readdir $dirhandle ); =item case_tolerant Returns a true or false value indicating, respectively, that alphabetic case is not or is significant when comparing file specifications. Cygwin and Win32 accept an optional drive argument. $is_case_tolerant = File::Spec->case_tolerant(); =item file_name_is_absolute Takes as its argument a path, and returns true if it is an absolute path. $is_absolute = File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute( $path ); This does not consult the local filesystem on Unix, Win32, OS/2, or Mac OS (Classic). It does consult the working environment for VMS (see L<File::Spec::VMS/file_name_is_absolute>). =item path X<path> Takes no argument. Returns the environment variable C<PATH> (or the local platform's equivalent) as a list. @PATH = File::Spec->path(); =item join X<join, path> join is the same as catfile. =item splitpath X<splitpath> X<split, path> Splits a path in to volume, directory, and filename portions. On systems with no concept of volume, returns '' for volume. ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path ); ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path, $no_file ); For systems with no syntax differentiating filenames from directories, assumes that the last file is a path unless C<$no_file> is true or a trailing separator or F</.> or F</..> is present. On Unix, this means that C<$no_file> true makes this return ( '', $path, '' ). The directory portion may or may not be returned with a trailing '/'. The results can be passed to L</catpath()> to get back a path equivalent to (usually identical to) the original path. =item splitdir X<splitdir> X<split, dir> The opposite of L</catdir>. @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir( $directories ); C<$directories> must be only the directory portion of the path on systems that have the concept of a volume or that have path syntax that differentiates files from directories. Unlike just splitting the directories on the separator, empty directory names (C<''>) can be returned, because these are significant on some OSes. =item catpath() Takes volume, directory and file portions and returns an entire path. Under Unix, C<$volume> is ignored, and directory and file are concatenated. A '/' is inserted if need be. On other OSes, C<$volume> is significant. $full_path = File::Spec->catpath( $volume, $directory, $file ); =item abs2rel X<abs2rel> X<absolute, path> X<relative, path> Takes a destination path and an optional base path returns a relative path from the base path to the destination path: $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path ) ; $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path, $base ) ; If C<$base> is not present or '', then L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd> is used. If C<$base> is relative, then it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it is taken to be relative to L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd>. On systems with the concept of volume, if C<$path> and C<$base> appear to be on two different volumes, we will not attempt to resolve the two paths, and we will instead simply return C<$path>. Note that previous versions of this module ignored the volume of C<$base>, which resulted in garbage results part of the time. On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the C<$base> filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be directories. If C<$path> is relative, it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it is taken to be relative to L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd>. No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is interaction with the working environment, as logicals and macros are expanded. Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi. =item rel2abs() X<rel2abs> X<absolute, path> X<relative, path> Converts a relative path to an absolute path. $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path ) ; $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path, $base ) ; If C<$base> is not present or '', then L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd> is used. If C<$base> is relative, then it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it is taken to be relative to L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd>. On systems with the concept of volume, if C<$path> and C<$base> appear to be on two different volumes, we will not attempt to resolve the two paths, and we will instead simply return C<$path>. Note that previous versions of this module ignored the volume of C<$base>, which resulted in garbage results part of the time. On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the C<$base> filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be directories. If C<$path> is absolute, it is cleaned up and returned using L</canonpath>. No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is interaction with the working environment, as logicals and macros are expanded. Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi. =back For further information, please see L<File::Spec::Unix>, L<File::Spec::Mac>, L<File::Spec::OS2>, L<File::Spec::Win32>, or L<File::Spec::VMS>. =head1 SEE ALSO L<File::Spec::Unix>, L<File::Spec::Mac>, L<File::Spec::OS2>, L<File::Spec::Win32>, L<File::Spec::VMS>, L<File::Spec::Functions>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> =head1 AUTHOR Currently maintained by Ken Williams C<< <KWILLIAMS@cpan.org> >>. The vast majority of the code was written by Kenneth Albanowski C<< <kjahds@kjahds.com> >>, Andy Dougherty C<< <doughera@lafayette.edu> >>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig C<< <A.Koenig@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE> >>, Tim Bunce C<< <Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk> >>. VMS support by Charles Bailey C<< <bailey@newman.upenn.edu> >>. OS/2 support by Ilya Zakharevich C<< <ilya@math.ohio-state.edu> >>. Mac support by Paul Schinder C<< <schinder@pobox.com> >>, and Thomas Wegner C<< <wegner_thomas@yahoo.com> >>. abs2rel() and rel2abs() written by Shigio Yamaguchi C<< <shigio@tamacom.com> >>, modified by Barrie Slaymaker C<< <barries@slaysys.com> >>. splitpath(), splitdir(), catpath() and catdir() by Barrie Slaymaker. =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 2004-2013 by the Perl 5 Porters. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut
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